Phoneme frequency - Revision history

KHBest: Lit. ergänzt

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Lit. ergänzt

Ahans at 13:33, 20 July 2006

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Ahans at 13:22, 20 July 2006

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Ahans at 15:10, 19 July 2006

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Ahans at 16:13, 18 July 2006

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Altmann at 08:42, 16 July 2006

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Ahans at 14:27, 11 July 2006

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+'''Best, K.-H'''. (2005). Buchstabenhäufigkeiten im Deutschen und Englischen. ''Naukovij visnik Černivec´koho universitetu. Vypusk 231, Hermans´ka filolohija, 119-127.''
 '''Best, K.-H'''. (2005a). Zur Häufigkeit von Buchstaben, Leerzeichen und anderen Schriftzeichen in deutschen Texten. ''Glottometrics 11, 9-31''.
 '''Best, K.-H'''. (2005b). Laut- und Phonemhäufigkeiten im Deutschen. ''Göttinger Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 10, 21-32''.
 '''Beutelspacher, A'''. (41994). ''Kryptologie''. 4., abermals leicht verbesserte Auflage. Braunschweig/ Wiesbaden: Vieweg.

@@ Line 305: / Line 305: @@
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-'''Ishii, H'''. (1991). Kana oyobi on no shutsugen hindo no shochōsa. '''Mathematical Linguistics 18(2), 84-97'''.
+'''Ishii, H'''. (1991). Kana oyobi on no shutsugen hindo no shochōsa. ''Mathematical Linguistics 18(2), 84-97''.
 '''Izumi, A., Mizutani, S'''. (1991). Tsutsui Yasutaka Zanzō ni Kuchibnei o no onbunpu hoi. ''Mathematical Linguistics 18, 80-83''.

@@ Line 365: / Line 365: @@
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+'''Martindale, C., McKenzie, D., Gusein-Zade, S.M., Borodovsky, M.Y.''' (1996). Comparison of equations describing the frequency distribution of graphemes and phonemes. ''J. of Quantitative Linguistics 3, 106-112''.
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+'''Melkumjan, M.R'''. (1965). Ischodnye dannye i statistiko-kombinatornoe vydelenie paradigmy pervogo morfologičeskogo tipa v armjanskom jazyke. In : Andreev 1965: 123-136.
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+'''Meyer, L.''' (1869). ''Die gothische Sprache. Ihre Lautgestaltung insbesondere im Verhältnis zum Altindischen, Griechischen und Lateinischen''. Berlin: Weidmannschen Buchhandlung.
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+'''Mossner, F'''. (1967). J-förmige Häufigkeitsverteilung chinesischer Schriftzeichen in chinesischen Texten. ''Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung 20, 479-488''.
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+'''Nagórko-Kufel, A.''' (1975). Z badań nad częstościami elementów tekstowych języka polskiego dla potrzeb pisma niewidomych. ''Poradnik językowy 1, 7-13''.
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+'''Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K.''' (1992a). Information theoretic models in statistical linguistics - Part I: A model for word frequencies. ''Current Science 63, 261-269.''
-Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K. (1992b) Information theoretic models in statistical linguistics - Part II: Word frequencies and hierarchical structure in language - statistical tests. Current Science 63, 297-306.
+'''Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K.''' (1992b) Information theoretic models in statistical linguistics - Part II: Word frequencies and hierarchical structure in language - statistical tests. ''Current Science 63, 297-306''.
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+'''Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K.'''  (1993). Information theoretic model for frequency distribution of words and speech sounds (phonemes) in language. ''J. of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, 728-738''.
-Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K. (1998). Models for power law relations in linguistics and information science. J. of  Quantitative Linguistics 5(1-2), 35-61.
+'''Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K'''. (1998). Models for power law relations in linguistics and information science. ''J. of  Quantitative Linguistics 5(1-2), 35-61''.
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+'''Naranan, S., Balasubrahmanyan, V.K'''. (2000). Information theory and algorithmic complexity: Applications to linguistic discourses and DNA sequences as complex systems. ''Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 7, 129-183''.
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+'''Novak, L.A'''. (1971). Statistica delle lettere e delle combinazioni di lettere nella lingua rumena scritta. In: Tagliavini, C. (ed.),  ''Statistica linguistica: 291-322''. Bologna: Patron.
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+'''Novak, L.A.''' (1968). Statistika bukv i bukvosočetanij v rumynskom pis´mennom jazyke. In: Alekseev, P.M., Kalinin, V.M., Piotrovskij, R.G. (eds.), ''Statistika reči: 228-230''. Leningrad: Nauka.
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+'''Ovčinnikov, A'''. (1962). ''Polučenie paradigmy pervogo morfologičeskogo tipa v nemeckom jazyke na materiale publicističeskich tekstov''. Dnepropertovsk: DGU.
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+'''Ožigova, G.I'''. (1965). Statistiko-kombinatornoe modelirovanie paradigmy pervogo morfologičeskogo tipa v češskom jazyke na materiale publicističeskich tekstov. In: Andreev 1965: 96-103.
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+'''Pääkkönen, M'''. (1993). Graphemes and context.  Glottometrika 14, 1-53
 Pandit, P.B. (1965). Phonemic and morphemic frequencies of the Gujarati language. Poona: Deccan College.

@@ Line 523: / Line 523: @@
 Tambovcev, J.A. (1984b). Phoneme frequency and closeness quotient. establishing genetic relationship degrees by phonostatistics. Ural-altaische Jahrbücher 56, 103-119.
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+'''Trnka, B., Kanekiyo, T., Koizumi, T'''. (1968). A'' phonological analysis of present-day standard English''. Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
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+'''Tuldava, J'''. (1980). Eesti keele sõnavara foneetilis-grafeemilised mõõted. ''Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis 518, 51-100''.
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+'''Tuldava, J'''. (1988). Opyt kvantitativnogo analiza sistemy fonem estonskogo jazyka. ''Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis 838, 120-133''.
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+'''Tuldava, J'''. (1995). Quantitative analysis of the phonemic system of the Estonian language. In: Tuldava, ''J., Methods in Quantitative Linguistics, Chapter 10, 161-187''. Trier: WVT.
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+'''Veenker, W'''. (1979a). Zur phonologischen Statistik der komipermjakischen Sprache. ''Finnisch-Ungarische Mitteilungen 3, 13-27''.
-Veenker, W. (1981a). Problemy fonologičeskoj statistiki chantyjskogo jazyka. In: Ubrjtova, E.I., Kim Čer Len, Kuzmina, A.I., Ryžkina, O.A. (eds.), Teoretičeskie voprosy fonetiki i grammatiki jazykov narodov: 84-96. Novosibirsk.
+'''Veenker, W'''. (1979b). Zur phonologischen Statistik der vogulischen Sprache. In: Gläser, Ch., Pusztay, J. (eds.), ''Festschrift für Wolfgang Schlachter zum 70. Geburtstag: 305-346''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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+'''Veenker, W.''' (1981a). Problemy fonologičeskoj statistiki chantyjskogo jazyka. In: Ubrjtova, E.I., Kim Čer Len, Kuzmina, A.I., Ryžkina, O.A. (eds.), ''Teoretičeskie voprosy fonetiki i grammatiki jazykov narodov: 84-96''. Novosibirsk.
 '''Veenker, W.''' (1981c). Zur phonologischen Statistik der votjakischen Sprache. In: Bereczki, G., Molnár, J. (eds.), Lakó-Emlékkönyv – nyelvészeti tanulmányok 196-213. Budapest.
@@ Line 566: / Line 567: @@
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+'''Vértes, E'''. (1970). Beiträge zu den typologischen Fragen des Ostjakischen. In: Dezsö, L., Hajdú, P (eds.), ''Theoretical problems of typology and the Northern Eurasian languages: 135-144''. Amsterdam: Grüner.
 '''Vogt, H.''' (1958). Structure phonémique du gérgien. ''Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap 18, 5-90''.

@@ Line 215: / Line 215: @@
 '''Grigoriev, V.I.''' (1980). Frequency distribution of letters and their ranks in a running text. In: Viks, Ü. (ed.), ''Symposium: Computational linguistics and related topics''. Tallinn: Academy of Sciences 1980: 43-47.
 '''Gusein-Zade, S.M'''. (1988). On the distribution of letters of the Russian language by frequencies. ''Problemy Peredači Informacii 23, 102-107''.
@@ Line 250: / Line 257: @@
 '''Kálmán, B'''. (1972). Hungarian historical phonology. In: Benkö, L., Imre, S. (eds.), ''The Hungarian language: 49-83''. The Hague: Mouton.
 '''King, R.D.''' (1966). On preferred phonemicisation for statistical studies. Phoneme frequencies in German. ''Phonetica 15, 22-31''.
@@ Line 346: / Line 356: @@
 '''Peršikov, V.F'''. (1965). ''Iz opyta statistiko-kombinatornogo modelirovanija albanskoj morfologii''. In: Andreev (1965): 181-188.
 '''Petrowa, N.W.''' (1973). Code-Merkmale des schriftlichen Textes. In:  Alexejew, P-M., Kalinin, W.M., Piotrowski, R.G. (Eds.), ''Sprachstatistik: 20-70''. München: Fink.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 to obtain
-(2)<math>A y = a + b \ln x </math>
+(2)<math>A y = a + b \ln x \quad</math>
 This curve is frequently used in other domains, too (cf. also Martindale et al. 1996).
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 When formula (2) of the unified theory is used with
-<math> a_0 = a_2 = a_3 = ∙∙∙ = 0, a_1 = -b \quad</math>, this yields
+<math> a_0 = a_2 = a_3 = ... = 0, a_1 = -b \quad</math>, this yields
 (3) <math>\frac{dy}{y} = -\frac{b}{x}dx</math>
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 '''(b) Yule´s species/genera function'''
-When formula (2) of the unified theory is used with <math>a_0 = c, a_1 = b, a_2 = a_3 = ∙∙∙ = 0\quad</math>, this yields
+When formula (2) of the unified theory is used with <math>a_0 = c, a_1 = b, a_2 = a_3 = ... = 0\quad</math>, this yields
 (5)<math> \frac{dy}{y}= \left(c- \frac{b}{x} \right)dx</math>
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 '''(c) Naranan and Balasubrahmanyan´s (1992a,b, 2000) function'''
-When formula (2) of the unified theory is used with <math>a_0 = 0, a_3 = a_4 = ∙∙∙ = 0\quad</math>, this yields
+When formula (2) of the unified theory is used with <math>a_0 = 0, a_3 = a_4 = ... = 0\quad</math>, this yields
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 (9)<math> y_x = \left(1-a_0 +  \frac{a_1}{(x-b_1)^{c_1}} + \frac{a_2}{(x-b_2)^{c_2}} \right)y_{x-1}</math>	 ,
-and reparametrizing <math>a_i = 0 (i =  0,2,3,…), c_1 = 1</math>, yields
+and reparametrizing <math>a_i = 0 (i =  0,2,3,...), c_1 = 1</math>, yields
 (10)<math> y_x = \left(1+ \frac{a_1}{x-b_1} \right)y_{x-1}</math>.
-Upon setting <math>b_1 = -a, a_1 – b_1 = b</math>, this results in
+Upon setting <math>b_1 = -a</math>, <math>a_1 - b_1 = b\quad</math>, this results in
 (11)<math>y_x = \frac{\begin{pmatrix} b+x \\ x-1 v \end{pmatrix}}{\begin{pmatrix} a+x \\ x-1 \end{pmatrix}}y_1 \quad,    x = 1,2,3,...</math>
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 '''(e) Geometric distribution'''
-Sigurd (1968) used simply the geometric distribution. It can be obtained from formula (10) of the unified theory setting <math>a_i = 0 (i = 1,2,3,...)</math>, which yields
+Sigurd (1968) used simply the geometric distribution. It can be obtained from formula (10) of the unified theory setting <math>a_i = 0 (i = 1,2,3,...)\quad</math>, which yields
-(12)<math> y_{x+1}= (1+a_0)y_x</math>	 .
+(12)<math> y_{x+1}= (1+a_0)y_x\quad</math>.
-For<math>- < a_ < 0, 1+a_ = q, 1-q = p, y_ = Px</math>tains the usual (1-displaced) geometric distribution
+For<math>- < a_ < 0, 1+a_ = q, 1-q = p, y_ = Px\quad</math>tains the usual (1-displaced) geometric distribution
 (13)<math> P_x = pq^{x-1}, \quad x = 1,2,3,...</math>